Basal treatment of the included patients
| Non-BAL group | BAL group | Total | p-value | |
| Subjects n | 96 | 107 | 203 | |
| Controller steroid treatment | ||||
| No corticosteroids | 4 (4.2) | 1 (0.97) | 0 (0) | 0.19 |
| Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids | 3 (3.2) | 6 (5.8) | 4 (3.9) | 0.5 |
| Medium dose inhaled corticosteroids | 15 (16) | 14 (14) | 15 (15) | 0.66 |
| High-dose inhaled corticosteroids | 73 (77) | 82 (80) | 84 (82) | 0.64 |
| Oral corticosteroids | 37 (39) | 17 (16) | 54 (26) | <0.001 |
| Bronchodilators | ||||
| Long-acting β-agonist | 5 (5.2) | 17 (16) | 18 (17) | 0.015 |
| Short-acting β-agonist | 47 (49) | 83 (78) | 87 (81) | <0.001 |
| Anticholinergic | 13 (14) | 75 (70) | 76 (71) | <0.001 |
| Other | ||||
| Montelukast | 15 (16) | 22 (21) | 16 (15) | 0.36 |
| Omalizumab | 0 (0) | 2 (1.9) | 8 (7.5) | 0.5 |
| Antibiotics | ||||
| Azithromycin | 2 (2.1) | 5 (4.7) | 31 (29) | 0.45 |
| Long-term antibiotics | 1 (1) | 3 (2.8) | 14 (13) | 0.62 |
| Short-term antibiotics | 8 (8.3) | 1 (0.93) | 48 (45) | 0.014 |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise stated.