TABLE 1

Characteristics and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV₁/FVC ratio z-scores of each cohort included in the age groups

Cohorts	Nations	Age groups	n	Age^#	FEV₁		FVC		FEV₁/FVC ratio
Cohorts	Nations	Age groups	n	Age^#	GLI fit^#	Mean-centred^¶	GLI fit^#	Mean-centred^¶	GLI fit^#	Mean-centred^¶
ALSPAC⁺	UK	>5–10	6804	8.7±0.3	0.04±1.00	−0.09±1.02	−0.06±1.02	−0.02±1.04	0.15±1.02	−0.10±1.07
		>15–20	4519	15.5±0.3	−0.68±1.29	−0.04±1.26	−1.02±1.29	0.04±1.25	0.61±1.16	−0.14±1.21
		>20–25	3731	24.5±0.8	−0.52±1.01	0.06±1.00	−0.37±1.02	0.13±0.98	−0.27±0.94	−0.1±0.98
BAMSE⁺	Sweden	>5–10	1832	8.3±0.5	0.47±0.94	−0.06±0.94	0.59±0.90	−0.00±0.91	−0.27±0.87	−0.07±0.89
		>15–20	2052	16.7±0.4	0.06±0.92	−0.11±0.94	0.16±0.92	−0.01±0.92	−0.19±0.93	−0.15±0.96
		>20–25	2032	22.5±0.5	−0.23±0.85	−0.03±0.86	−0.12±0.85	0.07±0.85	−0.20±0.88	−0.15±0.90
Generation R⁺	Netherlands	>5–10	4738	9.8±0.3	0.19±0.93	−0.04±0.93	0.21±0.89	0.02±0.92	−0.08±0.90	−0.01±0.96
Generation R⁺	Netherlands	>10–15	3869	13.6±0.4	−0.15±1.01	−0.06±0.93	−0.09±0.98	0.04±0.99	−0.13±0.92	0.00±1.02
HUNT1	Norway	>10–15	2705	14.1±0.6	−0.23±1.11	−0.02±1.11	−0.19±1.10	0.01±1.10	−0.07±1.03	−0.05±1.03
HUNT1	Norway	>15–20	5256	17.1±1.3	−0.12±1.04	−0.03±1.04	−0.09±1.01	0.02±1.01	−0.08±0.98	−0.08±0.98
HUNT3	Norway	>10–15	2792	14.1±0.6	0.01±1.03	−0.01±1.03	0.10±1.05	0.04±1.05	−0.15±1.02	−0.22±1.02
HUNT3	Norway	>15–20	4363	16.9±1.2	0.09±0.99	−0.04±0.99	0.19±1.01	0.03±1.01	−0.19±0.98	−0.09±0.97
INMA⁺	Spain	1–5	704	4.5±0.2	−0.59±1.20	−0.01±1.21	−0.53±1.23	0.01±1.25	−0.03±0.95	−0.03±0.97
		>5–10	1277	7.4±0.6	0.21±0.98	−0.01±0.99	0.40±0.95	0.01±0.96	−0.34±0.99	−0.03±1.00
		>5–10	476	9.3±0.9	−0.02±1.07	−0.03±1.05	0.17±1.04	−0.00±1.01	−0.21±0.98	−0.06±0.95
		>10–15	988	11.2±0.6	−0.20±1.00	−0.01±1.03	−0.06±1.03	0.02±1.04	−0.25±0.95	−0.04±1.01
		>10–15	266	14.6±0.2	0.04±0.94	−0.04±0.95	−0.04±0.98	−0.02±0.95	0.13±0.87	−0.03±0.90
		>15–20	120	17.7±0.3	−0.34±0.92	−0.03±0.89	−0.32±0.98	0.07±0.94	−0.04±0.99	−0.15±1.02
IoW	UK	>5–10	980	9.9±0.3	0.37±0.97	−0.04±0.99	0.16±0.88	0.02±0.88	0.33±0.96	−0.09±1.01
IoW	UK	>15–20	836	17.8±0.6	0.30±0.92	−0.15±0.99	0.14±0.85	0.01±0.93	0.22±1.07	−0.21±1.11
LEAD	Austria	>5–10	451	8.4±1.0	0.46±1.27	−0.07±0.99	0.31±1.26	0.10±0.92	0.35±1.17	−0.31±1.13
		>10–15	526	12.3±1.5	0.01±1.03	−0.35±1.02	−0.19±0.97	−0.14±0.98	0.36±0.95	−0.39±1.04
		>15–20	540	17.4±1.4	−0.05±1.07	−0.36±1.01	−0.22±1.08	−0.11±0.97	0.30±1.08	−0.44±1.12
		>20–25	703	22.5±1.4	−0.13±1.04	−0.42±0.92	−0.31±1.09	−0.16±0.92	0.22±0.99	−0.46±1.02
Lifelines	Netherlands	>15–20	2556	18.9±0.8	−0.42±0.91	−0.06±0.92	−0.34±0.90	0.03±0.89	−0.19±0.98	−0.14±1.01
Lifelines	Netherlands	>20–25	5028	23.3±1.5	−0.42±0.90	−0.06±0.91	−0.29±0.89	0.05±0.87	−0.23±0.96	−0.16±0.96
MAAS⁺	UK	>5–10	778	8.0±0.2	0.15±0.93	−0.07±0.10	0.26±0.90	0.00±0.94	−0.24±0.89	−0.11±0.93
		>10–15	778	11.5±0.5	−0.12±0.95	−0.05±1.00	−0.18±1.12	0.05±1.12	0.14±1.03	−0.15±1.10
		>15–20	566	16.0±0.6	−0.26±0.95	−0.06±1.05	−0.43±0.90	0.03±0.96	0.31±1.02	−0.16±1.11
		>15–20	504	19.4±0.8	−0.24±0.87	−0.04±0.95	−0.40±0.90	0.10±0.90	0.26±0.97	−0.24±1.04
OLIN	Sweden	>15–20	1470	18.2±0.5	−0.06±1.01	−0.04±1.01	0.08±1.06	0.01±1.03	−0.28±0.93	−0.07±0.96
PIAMA⁺	Netherlands	>5–10	1058	8.1±0.3	0.54±0.88	−0.05±0.91	0.29±0.88	0.00±0.90	0.42±1.06	−0.09±1.09
		>10–15	1267	12.7±0.4	−0.56±0.84	−0.04±0.86	−0.37±0.85	−0.01±0.86	−0.37±0.87	−0.04±0.89
		>15–20	720	16.4±0.2	−0.19±0.86	−0.07±0.88	0.02±0.86	−0.00±0.82	−0.40±0.92	−0.10±0.94
SEATON⁺	UK	1–5	446	4.9±0.2	0.17±0.96	−0.03±0.95	−0.13±1.05	−0.00±1.05	0.08±0.93	−0.04±0.95
		>10–15	430	10.3±0.2	−0.12±1.10	−0.06±1.09	−0.24±1.04	−0.01±1.04	0.15±0.93	−0.08±0.96
		>15–20	534	15.1±0.3	−0.36±1.00	−0.04±1.00	−0.77±1.02	0.01±1.00	0.83±1.09	−0.10±1.13
SUS	Denmark	>15–20	2294	18.9±1.3	−0.29±0.90	−0.01±0.90	−0.33±0.88	0.05±0.88	0.01±1.00	−0.09±1.00

Data are expressed as mean±sd. GLI: Global Lung Function Initiative. ^#: based on the whole group of participants; ^¶: based on non-asthmatic, asymptomatic lifelong nonsmokers; ⁺: they are longitudinal cohorts with repeated measurement at different age.