Sample demographics and clinical characteristics
| Total | |
| Subjects | 14 |
| Sex | |
| Female | 9 (64.3) |
| Age years | 73.57±10.23 |
| Home oxygen use | |
| Yes | 2 (14.3) |
| Post-bronchodilator FEV1 % predicted | 53.36±23.95 |
| COPD severity | |
| Mild (GOLD 1) | 2 (14.3) |
| Moderate (GOLD 2) | 6 (42.9) |
| Severe (GOLD 3) | 5 (35.7) |
| Very severe (GOLD 4) | 1 (7.1) |
| mMRC dyspnoea | 3.21±1.05 |
| Smoking pack-years | 46.08±29.81 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 25.49±4.14 |
| Congestive heart failure comorbidity | |
| Yes | 3 (21.4) |
| Marital status | |
| Married | 5 (35.7) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Caucasian | 13 (92.9) |
| African American | 1 (7.1) |
| Hispanic | 2 (14.3) |
| Education | |
| Greater than high school | 10 (71.4) |
| Taking medication for anxiety and/or depression | |
| Yes | 4 (36.4) |
Data are presented as mean±sd for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables unless stated otherwise. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; mMRC: Modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale; BMI: body mass index.