TABLE 1

Prevalence of lung cancer (LC) in decedents with and without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)

Variable	Decedents without IPF^#					Decedents with IPF^¶					OR⁺ (95% CI)
Variable	Total deaths	LC present	Deaths with LC, % total	LC mortality rate, % change 2004–2018	p-value for trend	Total deaths	LC present	Deaths with LC, % total	LC mortality rate, % change 2004–2018	p-value for trend	OR⁺ (95% CI)
Sex
Female	18 002 346	1 087 001	6.04	−23.4	<0.001	160 389	3985	2.48		0.30	0.40 (0.38–0.41)
Male	17 263 723	1 346 703	7.80	−41.0	<0.001	188 984	7816	4.13		0.32	0.51 (0.50–0.52)
Age, years
45–54	2 677 125	164 280	6.14	−48.4	<0.001	10 476	294	2.81		0.26	0.44 (0.39–0.50)
55–64	4 797 685	482 281	10.05	−34.8	<0.001	32 043	1533	4.78		0.12	0.45 (0.43–0.47)
65–74	6 566 472	767 181	11.68	−42.0	<0.001	76 494	4070	5.32	−19.1	0.04	0.42 (0.41–0.44)
75–84	9 574 477	729 948	7.62	−27.4	<0.001	126 992	4327	3.40	+22.3	0.001	0.43 (0.41–0.44)
≥85	11 650 310	290 014	2.49	−9.2	<0.001	103 368	1577	1.53	+21.8	<0.001	0.61 (0.58–0.64)
Race
Native-American	186 275	11 424	6.13	−12.4	0.02	2775	84	3.03		0.52	0.48 (0.38–0.59)
Asian	738 695	49 661	6.72	−17.0	<0.001	8726	214	2.45		0.85	0.35 (0.30–0.40)
Black	3 851 698	250 914	6.51	−32.4	<0.001	18 707	642	3.43		0.34	0.51 (0.47–0.55)
White	28 498 575	2 039 321	7.16	−23.1	<0.001	291 706	10 302	3.53		0.09	0.47 (0.47–0.48)
Hispanic	1 902 714	77 398	4.07	−31.2	<0.001	26 903	538	2.00	+35.0	0.03	0.48 (0.44–0.52)
UCD
IPF	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	1863	NA		0.92	NA
LC	NA	2 292 943	NA	−28.7	<0.001	NA	8956	NA		0.40	0.19 (0.18–0.20)
Pneumonia	NA	1023	NA		0.14	NA	19	NA		1.00	3.83 (2.43–6.04)
Place of death
Inpatient	NA	700 652	NA	−45.8	<0.001	NA	5625	NA		0.44	2.25 (2.17–2.33)
Home	NA	993 905	NA	−22.5	<0.001	NA	3687	NA		0.11	0.66 (0.63–0.68)
Hospice	NA	211 291	NA	+1130.2	<0.001	NA	847	NA	+8880.0	<0.001	0.81 (0.76–0.87)
Nursing home	NA	331 624	NA	−43.0	<0.001	NA	896	NA		0.55	0.52 (0.49–0.56)

International Classification of Diseases (10th Revision) (ICD-10) codes used for underlying cause of death (UCD) were pulmonary fibrosis (J84.1 and J84.9), lung cancer (C34–C34.9) and pneumonia (J09–J18.9). Similar to prior studies, ICD-10 codes were used to identify and exclude patients with underlying connective tissue diseases (M32–M35, M35.1, M35.5, M35.8–M36 and M05–M08.9), radiation fibrosis (J70.1), sarcoidosis (D86–D86.9), pneumoconiosis (J60–J65) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (J67–J67.9). If no data are shown for % change in rate, the regression analysis of the data did not indicate a significant departure from a linear trend during the analysis period. NA: not applicable. ^#: n=35 266 069; ^¶: n=349 373; ⁺: the overall odds of lung cancer with IPF compared to without IPF.