Patients (data missing) (n) | All patients | Nodule size | p-value | ||
≤20 mm | >20 mm | ||||
Procedure conclusiveness | |||||
Conclusive pathology results following one TTLB | 474 | <10-4 | |||
Yes | 376 (79.3) | 140 (70.7) | 236 (85.5) | ||
No | 98 (20.7) | 58 (29.3) | 40 (14.5) | ||
Diagnosis of malignancy in conclusive first TTLB | 376 | 0.255 | |||
Yes | 334 (88.8) | 121 (86.4) | 213 (90.3) | ||
No | 42 (11.2) | 19 (13.6) | 23 (9.7) | ||
Performance for malignancy diagnosis following first TTLB | |||||
Sensitivity/recall (%) | 89.5 | 84.0 | 93.0 | NA | |
Specificity/selectivity (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||
Accuracy (%) | 91.8 | 88.4 | 94.2 | ||
PPV (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||
NPV (%) | 72.1 | 70.1 | 74.6 | ||
F1 score (%) | 94.5 | 91.3 | 96.4 | ||
Complications | |||||
PTX occurrence | 474 | <10-5 | |||
Yes | 134 (28.3) | 78 (39.4) | 56 (20.3) | ||
No | 340 (71.7) | 120 (60.6) | 220 (79.7) | ||
PTX requiring chest tube drainage | 474 | 0.023 | |||
Yes | 1 (6.5) | 19 (9.6) | 12 (4.3) | ||
No | 443 (93.5) | 179 (90.4) | 264 (95.7) | ||
IAH occurrence | 474 | <10-10 | |||
Yes | 123 (25.9) | 81 (40.9) | 42 (15.2) | ||
No | 351 (74.1) | 117 (59.1) | 234 (84.8) | ||
Haemoptysis occurrence | 461 (13) | 0.032 | |||
Yes | 20 (4.3) | 13 (6.7) | 7 (2.6) | ||
No | 441 (95.7) | 180 (93.3) | 261 (97.4) | ||
Length of stay in patients planned as outpatient procedures (days) | 368±6 | 2.3±6.4 | 1.9±2.6 | 2.6±0.6 | 0.054 |
Extended stay duration due to PTX in outpatient procedures | 368 (6) | 0.002 | |||
Yes | 42 (11.4) | 27 (17.4) | 15 (7.0) | ||
No | 326 (88.6) | 128 (82.6) | 198 (93.0) |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. Bold type represents statistical significance. TTLB: transthoracic lung biopsy; PPV: positive predictive value/precision; NPV: negative predictive value; F1 score: harmonic mean of sensitivity and precision; PTX: pneumothorax; IAH: intra-alveolar haemorrhage; NA: not applicable.