Predictors of pneumothorax (PTX) requiring chest tube drainage following transthoracic lung biopsy for nodules ≤20 mm
| Patients (missing data) (n) | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
| PTX requiring chest tube drainage | OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | |||
| No | Yes | ||||||
| Patient variables | |||||||
| Age groups (years) | 198 | ||||||
| ≤50 or ≥75 | 57 (98.3) | 1 (1.7) | 1 | 1 | |||
| 51–74 | 122 (87.1) | 18 (12.9) | 8.4 (1.1–64.6) | 0.041 | 7.7 (1.0–60.6) | 0.054 | |
| Gender | 198 | ||||||
| Female | 72 (93.5) | 5 (6.5) | 1 | ||||
| Male | 107 (88.4) | 14 (11.6) | 1.9 (0.7–5.5) | 0.243 | |||
| PFT results | 142 (56) | ||||||
| Normal | 58 (93.5) | 4 (6.5) | 1 | ||||
| Obstructive or restrictive | 69 (86.3) | 11 (13.8) | 2.3 (0.7–7.6) | 0.170 | |||
| Emphysema | 198 | ||||||
| No | 106 (95.5) | 5 (4.5) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 73 (83.9) | 14 (16.1) | 4.1 (1.4–11.8) | 0.010 | 3.3 (1.1–10.0) | 0.034 | |
| Lesion variables | |||||||
| Location | 198 | ||||||
| RML, RLL or LLL | 81 (93.1) | 6 (6.9) | 1 | ||||
| RUL or LUL | 98 (88.3) | 13 (11.7) | 1.8 (0.7–4.9) | 0.259 | |||
| Contact with a lung fissure | 198 | ||||||
| Yes | 23 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 | ||||
| No | 156 (89.1) | 19 (10.9) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.136 | |||
| Distance from entry point (mm) | 198 | ||||||
| ≤20 | 104 (93.7) | 7 (6.3) | 1 | ||||
| >20 | 75 (86.2) | 12 (13.8) | 2.4 (0.9–6.3) | 0.083 | |||
| Procedure variables | |||||||
| Needle size | 188 (10) | ||||||
| 18G | 24 (96.0) | 1 (4.0) | 1 | ||||
| 20G | 148 (90.8) | 15 (9.2) | 2.4 (0.3–19.3) | 0.400 | |||
| Needle-entry angle (°) | 194 (4) | ||||||
| 71–109 | 83 (91.2) | 8 (8.8) | 1 | ||||
| 0–70 or 110–180 | 92 (89.3) | 11 (10.7) | 1.2 (0.5–3.2) | 0.659 | |||
| Needle repositioning count | 192 (6) | ||||||
| <2 | 149 (93.1) | 11 (6.9) | 1 | 1 | |||
| ⩾2 | 25 (78.1) | 7 (21.9) | 3.8 (1.3–10.7) | 0.012 | 3.4 (1.6–10.2) | 0.026 | |
| Number of pleura crossings | 193 (5) | ||||||
| 1 | 162 (91.0) | 16 (9.0) | 1 | ||||
| ⩾2 | 12 (80.0) | 3 (20.0) | 2.5 (0.6–9.9) | 0.183 | |||
| Number of samples | 168 (30) | ||||||
| <4 | 141 (92.8) | 11 (7.2) | 1 | ||||
| ⩾4 | 13 (81.3) | 3 (18.8) | 3.0 (0.7–12.0) | 0.128 | |||
| Procedure duration (min) | 196 (2) | ||||||
| ≤10 | 92 (92.9) | 7 (7.1) | 1 | ||||
| >10 | 86 (88.7) | 11 (11.3) | 1.7 (0.6–4.5) | 0.305 | |||
| Radiologist | 196 (2) | ||||||
| Senior | 159 (90.3) | 17 (9.7) | 1 | ||||
| Junior | 18 (90.0) | 2 (10.0) | 1.0 (0.2–4.9) | 0.961 | |||
Data are presented as n (%), unless otherwise stated. Bold type represents statistical significance. aOR: adjusted odds ratio; PFT: pulmonary function testing; RML: right middle lobe; RLL: right lower lobe; LLL: left lower lobe; RUL: right upper lobe; LUL: left upper lobe.