Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and healthy volunteers
| Patients with COVID-19 | Healthy volunteers | |
| Subjects n | 25 | 10 |
| Baseline demographics | ||
| Age years | 64.0 (53.0–75.0) | 35.0 (22.5–44.0) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 7 (28.0) | 8 (80.0) |
| Male | 18 (72.0) | 2 (20.0) |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 28.50 (25.70–31.40) | 23.86 (22.77–25.89) |
| Smoking history | ||
| Current smoker | 1 (4.0) | 0 |
| Ex-smoker | 9 (36.0) | 1 (10.0) |
| Patients with COVID-19 (n=25) | ||
| Baseline clinical variables | ||
| FiO2 at proning | 0.32 (0.28–0.36) | |
| ABG | n=10 | |
| pH | 7.43 (7.40–7.47) | |
| PaO2 kPa | 8.00 (7.83–9.03) | |
| PaCO2 kPa | 4.50 (3.98–4.60) | |
| Lactate mmol·L−1 | 1.70 (1.50–2.10) | |
| FiO2 | 0.28 (0.22–0.33) | |
| Inflammatory markers | n=25 | |
| WCC (109·L−1) | 7.90 (6.00–11.10) | |
| CRP mg·L−1 | 77.00 (40.00–141.00) | |
| COVID-19 status | ||
| SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive | n=25 | |
| Symptom onset to admission (days) | 9.0 (3.0–11.0) | |
| Admission to prone (days) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | |
| Radiographic severity score | 5 (4–7) | |
| COVID-19 therapeutic regimen | ||
| Dexamethasone only | 10 (40.0) | |
| Dexamethasone+Baricitinib | 2 (8.0) | |
| Dexamethasone+Dapagliflozin+Ambrisentan | 3 (12.0) | |
| Dexamethasone+EDP1815# | 1 (4.0) | |
| Dexamethasone+Ravulizumab | 2 (8.0) | |
| Dexamethasone+Remdesivir | 4 (16.0) | |
| Dexamethasone+Tocilizumab | 1 (4.0) | |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Respiratory | ||
| Asthma | 5 (20.0) | |
| COPD | 2 (8.0) | |
| Interstitial lung disease | 1 (4.0) | |
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | 1 (4.0) | |
| Cardiovascular | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 2 (8.0) | |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 1 (4.0) | |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 1 (4.0) | |
| Hypertension | 8 (32.0) | |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 3 (12.0) | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1 (4.0) | |
| Other significant | ||
| Connective tissue disease | 2 (8.0) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2 (8.0) | |
| Haematological malignancy | 1 (4.0) | |
| Hypothyroidism | 2 (8.0) | |
| Osteoarthritis | 2 (8.0) | |
| Polymyalgia rheumatica | 2 (8.0) | |
| Raynaud's disease | 1 (4.0) | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1 (4.0) | |
| Type II diabetes mellitus | 4 (16.0) | |
| Outcomes | ||
| Death | 1 (4.0) | |
| Intubation and ventilation | 1 (4.0) | |
| Noninvasive ventilation | 1 (4.0) | |
| Discharge | 24 (96) | |
| Time from proning to discharge (days) | 7 (4–10.5) | |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR). Radiographic severity score: semi-quantitative score indicating extent of radiographic changes with a maximum score of 8. BMI: body mass index; FiO2: fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air at point of proning; ABG: arterial blood gas; PaO2: arterial partial pressure of oxygen; PaCO2: arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; WCC: white cell count; CRP: C-reactive protein; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; NA: not applicable. #: EDP1815 is an investigational immune modulator used as part of the TACTIC-E Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04393246.