Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 who developed complications stratified by patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU)
| All | Patients admitted to the ICU | p-value | ||
| Yes | No | |||
| Patients, n | 40 440 | 20 044 | 20 396 | |
| Neurological, n (%) | ||||
| Seizures | 393 (1.0) | 240 (1.2) | 153 (0.8) | <0.0001 |
| Stroke | 489 (1.2) | 281 (1.4) | 208 (1.0) | <0.0001 |
| Meningitis or encephalitis | 113 (0.3) | 93 (0.5) | 20 (0.1) | <0.0001 |
| Other neurological complications | 490 (1.2) | 228 (1.1) | 262 (1.3) | 0.19 |
| Cardiovascular, n (%) | ||||
| Congestive heart failure | 1183 (2.9) | 432 (2.2) | 751 (3.7) | <0.0001 |
| Endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis | 223 (0.6) | 191 (1.0) | 32 (0.2) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 2992 (7.4) | 1995 (10.0) | 997 (4.9) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac arrest | 1457 (3.6) | 1012 (5.0) | 445 (2.2) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac ischaemia | 556 (1.4) | 303 (1.5) | 253 (1.2) | 0.021 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 195 (0.5) | 138 (0.7) | 57 (0.3) | <0.0001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 34 (0.1) | 31 (0.2) | 3 (0.0) | <0.0001 |
| Pulmonary, n (%) | ||||
| Bacterial pneumonia | 4695 (11.6) | 2591 (12.9) | 2104 (10.3) | <0.0001 |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 7928 (19.6) | 5747 (28.7) | 2181 (10.7) | <0.0001 |
| Pneumothorax | 555 (1.4) | 447 (2.2) | 108 (0.5) | <0.0001 |
| Pleural effusion | 2198 (5.4) | 1093 (5.5) | 1105 (5.4) | 0.89 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 272 (0.7) | 237 (1.2) | 35 (0.2) | <0.0001 |
| Cryptogenic organising pneumonia | 122 (0.3) | 95 (0.5) | 27 (0.1) | <0.0001 |
| Gastrointestinal, n (%) | ||||
| Pancreatitis | 138 (0.3) | 103 (0.5) | 35 (0.2) | <0.0001 |
| Liver dysfunction | 2385 (5.9) | 1703 (8.5) | 682 (3.3) | <0.0001 |
| Gastrointestinal haemorrhage | 393 (1.0) | 221 (1.1) | 172 (0.8) | 0.008 |
| Renal, n (%) | ||||
| Acute kidney injury | 6566 (16.2) | 4030 (20.1) | 2536 (12.4) | <0.0001 |
| Metabolic, n (%) | ||||
| Hyperglycaemia | 3232 (8.0) | 2265 (11.3) | 967 (4.7) | <0.0001 |
| Hypoglycaemia | 757 (1.9) | 355 (1.8) | 402 (2.0) | 0.14 |
| Haematological, n (%) | ||||
| Anaemia | 5057 (12.5) | 3203 (16.0) | 1854 (9.1) | <0.0001 |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation | 1296 (3.2) | 844 (4.2) | 452 (2.2) | <0.0001 |
| Bleeding | 84 (0.2) | 80 (0.4) | 4 (0.0) | <0.0001 |
| Others, n (%) | ||||
| Other complication | 6321 (15.6) | 2883 (14.4) | 3438 (16.9) | <0.0001 |
| Bacteraemia | 1848 (4.6) | 1366 (6.8) | 482 (2.4) | <0.0001 |
| Rhabdomyolysis or myositis | 246 (0.6) | 185 (0.9) | 61 (0.3) | <0.0001 |