TABLE 4

Summary of findings from other published studies

CountryAuthors [ref.]Published yearJournalYear of dataStudy populationStudy size Findings
SABA overuse prevalence (%)All-cause mortality#Asthma exacerbation#
FranceRaherison-Semjen et al. [21]2018Eur Respir J2018Aged ≥18 years with an asthma diagnosisn=15 58728.30Not reportedNot reported
PolandKupczyk et al. [22]2019Eur Respir J2018Aged 18–64 years with an asthma diagnosisn=91 67329–37Not reportedNot reported
GermanyWorth et al. [19]2021Respir Res2017–2018Aged ≥12 years with an asthma diagnosis in the Disease Analyser database (IQVIA)n=15 64036Not reportedNot reported
UKBloom et al. [9]2020Adv Ther2007–2017Aged ≥12 years with an asthma diagnosisn=574 91338Not available (due to small numbers)1–2 canisters: 1.20 (1.16–1.24)
3–5 canisters:
1.24 (1.20–1.28)
ItalyDi Marco et al. [8]2021Adv Ther2015–2018Aged ≥12 years with an asthma diagnosisn=22 1029Not reportedCompared to <3 canisters/year:
≥3 canisters:
1.27 (1.21–1.33)
SwedenNwaru et al. [7]2020Eur Respir J2006–2016Aged 12–45 years in the nationwide longitudinal cohort, those who collected medication for COPDn=365 32430Compared to <3 canisters/year:
3–5 canisters:
1.26 (1.14–1.39)
6–10 canisters
1.67 (1.49–1.87)
≥11 canisters:
2.35 (2.02–2.72)		Compared to <3 canisters/year:
3–5 canisters:
1.26 (1.24–1.28)
6–10 canisters:
1.44 (1.41–1.46)
≥11 canisters:
1.77 (1.72–1.83)
TaiwanWang et al. [23]2021NPJ Prim Care Resp Med2001–2015Aged 12–100 years with asthma who enrolled in the Taiwanese pay-for-performance asthma programmen=218 03916Compared to no ICS and <3 canisters/year:
3–6 canisters:
1.17 (1.09–1.25)
≥7 canisters:
2.01 (1.89–2.13)		Compared to no ICS and <3 canisters/year:
3–6 canisters:
2.43 (2.36–2.50)
≥7 canisters:
4.94 (4.79–5.09)
CanadaTo et al.
(current study)		2022ERJ Open Res2006–2020Aged 65–99 years with prevalent asthma in the OASISn=59 53314Compared to 1–2 canisters/year:
3–5 canisters:
1.11 (1.02–1.22)
≥6 canisters:
1.56 (1.41–1.71)		Compared to 1–2 canisters/year:
3–5 canisters:
1.59 (1.40–1.82)
≥6 canisters:
2.26 (1.96–2.60)

SABA: short-term β2-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; OASIS: Ontario Asthma Surveillance System. #: all-cause mortality and asthma exacerbation data presented as hazard ratio (95% CI).