Baseline and hospitalisation characteristics of patients who were evaluated at ambulatory care visits according to the presence of fibrotic lesions in lungs
| Available data | All (171) | Patients with fibrotic lesions (33) | Patients without fibrotic lesions (138) | p-value | |
| Demographic data | |||||
| Age, years | 171 | 57.3±13.2 | 61.2±10.9 | 56.3±13.6 | 0.03 |
| Women | 171 | 65 (38.2%) | 3 (9.1%) | 56 (40.9%) | 0.21 |
| Body mass index, kg·m–2 | 159 | 29.1±5.4 | 28.2±4.9 | 29.4±5.5 | 0.24 |
| Smoking | |||||
| No (<5 pack-years) | 162 | 125 (77.2%) | 22 (71.0%) | 103 (78.6%) | |
| Former (≥5 pack-years) | 162 | 24 (14.8%) | 5 (16.1%) | 19 (14.5%) | 0.46 |
| Active | 162 | 13 (8.0%) | 4 (12.9%) | 9 (6.9%) | |
| Pre-COVID-19 comorbidities | |||||
| Respiratory disease | |||||
| 170 | 5 (2.9%) | 1 (3.0%) | 4 (2.9%) | 1 |
| 170 | 30 (17.6%) | 5 (15.2%) | 25 (18.2%) | 0.87 |
| Hypertension | 170 | 74 (43.5%) | 12 (36.4%) | 62 (45.3%) | 0.47 |
| Chronic heart disease | 170 | 14 (8.2%) | 3 (9.1%) | 11 (8.0%) | 0.74 |
| Diabetes | 170 | 51 (30.0%) | 7 (21.2%) | 44 (32.1%) | 0.31 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 170 | 16 (9.4%) | 1 (3.0%) | 15 (10.9%) | 0.32 |
| Declared psychiatric disorder | 170 | 10 (5.9%) | 5 (15.2%) | 5 (3.7%) | 0.03 |
| Neurodegenerative disorder | 170 | 2 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.5%) | 1 |
| Alcohol misuse | 161 | 8 (5.0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 7 (5.4%) | 1 |
| Active cancer | 170 | 3 (1.8%) | 1 (3.0%) | 2 (1.5%) | 0.48 |
| Other immunosuppression | 170 | 7 (4.1%) | 1 (3.0%) | 6 (4.4%) | 1.0 |
| Long-term dialysis | 170 | 6 (3.5%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (4.4%) | 0.60 |
| HIV infection | 170 | 2 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.5%) | 1 |
| Solid organ transplantation | 170 | 4 (2.3%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (2.9%) | 1 |
| Liver disease | 170 | 5 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (3.7%) | 0.58 |
| Pregnancy | 170 | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1 |
| Hospitalisation characteristics | |||||
| Total duration of hospitalisation, days | 170 | 13 (6–25) | 27 (15–44) | 11 (5–17) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalisation in the ICU | 170 | 94 (55.3%) | 39 (87.9%) | 65 (47.4%) | <0.001 |
| Duration of ICU stay, days | 170 | 9 (4–22) | 22 (5–33) | 8 (3–14) | 0.006 |
| High flow oxygen | 170 | 44 (46.8%) | 18 (62.1%) | 26 (40%) | 0.08 |
| Intubation during hospitalisation | 170 | 49 (52.1%) | 18 (62.1%) | 31 (47.7%) | 0.29 |
| Duration of intubation, days | 170 | 20 (12–34) | 28 (16–43) | 18 (10–25) | 0.03 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 171 | 29 (17.0%) | 13 (39.4%) | 16 (11.6%) | <0.001 |
| Active anticoagulation (at the full therapeutic dose) | 170 | 49 (28.8%) | 15 (45.5%) | 34 (24.8%) | 0.03 |
| Specific treatments during hospitalisation | |||||
| Azithromycin | 170 | 53 (31.2%) | 12 (36.4%) | 41 (29.9%) | 0.61 |
| Anti-IL-6 | 170 | 26 (15.3%) | 12 (36.4%) | 14 (10.2%) | 0.001 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 170 | 18 (10.6%) | 5 (15.2%) | 13 (9.5%) | 0.35 |
| Corticosteroids | 170 | 7 (4.1%) | 3 (9.1%) | 4 (2.9%) | 0.13 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 170 | 7 (4.1%) | 2 (6.1%) | 5 (3.7%) | 0.62 |
| Anti-IL-1 | 170 | 8 (4.7%) | 3 (9.1%) | 5 (3.7%) | 0.19 |
| Remdesivir | 170 | 3 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (2.2%) | 1 |
Values are expressed as the median (interquartile range), mean±sd, or number and frequency. The p-values refer to a comparison between patients with and without fibrotic lesions.
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; ICU: intensive care unit; IL: interleukin.