TABLE 5

Longitudinal analyses of cannabis and tobacco use between ages 38 and 45 years with pre-bronchodilator impulse oscillometry (IOS) measures for the whole sample

	R₅	R₂₀	R₅−R₂₀	X₅	AX	f_res
Participants (n)	864	864	864	862	856	857
Joint-years 38–45 years
β (95% CI)	0.078 (0.023–0.132)	0.060 (−0.002–0.121)	0.043 (−0.014–0.100)	0.059 (0.003–0.114)	0.076 (0.023–0.129)	0.091 (0.037–0.145)
p-value	0.005	0.056	0.140	0.038	0.005	0.001
Pack-years 38–45 years
β (95% CI)	0.017 (−0.038–0.072)	−0.004 (−0.066–0.058)	0.044 (−0.014–0.101)	0.048 (−0.009–0.104)	0.037 (−0.016–0.091)	0.015 (−0.040–0.069)
p-value	0.553	0.903	0.134	0.099	0.173	0.601

All IOS measures are log-transformed. Analyses are adjusted for use of both substances and also adjusted for sex, body mass index, height and the relevant IOS measure at age 38 years (e.g. resistance at 5 Hz (R₅) at 38 years is the adjustment for age 45 years R₅); bolded values are statistically significant. β-values are standardised regression coefficients, which represent the standard deviation difference in IOS measure associated with each standard deviation change in joint- or pack-years. R₂₀: resistance at 20 Hz; R₅−R₂₀: difference between R₅ and R₂₀; X₅: reactance at 5 Hz; AX: area under the reactance curve between 5 Hz and resonant frequency (f_res).