TABLE 6

Longitudinal analyses of cannabis and tobacco use between ages 38 and 45 years with pre-bronchodilator impulse oscillometry (IOS) measures stratified by sex

	R₅	R₂₀	R₅−R₂₀	X₅	AX	f_res
Women
Participants (n)	426	426	426	425	422	423
Joint-years 38–45 years
β (95% CI)	0.125 (0.035–0.214)	0.075 (−0.025–0.176)	0.085 (−0.019–0.189)	0.125 (0.035–0.218)	0.140 (0.054–0.226)	0.129 (0.042–0.217)
p-value	0.006	0.142	0.109	0.008	0.001	0.004
Pack-years 38–45 years
β (95% CI)	0.002 (−0.107–0.111)	−0.007 (−0.129–0.115)	0.077 (−0.049–0.203)	−0.064 (−0.176–0.047)	−0.017 (−0.121–0.087)	0.013 (−0.093–0.120)
p-value	0.972	0.906	0.232	0.258	0.749	0.804
Men
Participants (n)	438	438	438	437	434	434
Joint-years 38–45 years
β (95% CI)	0.049 (−0.019–0.117)	0.049 (−0.029–0.127)	0.015 (−0.047–0.077)	0.023 (−0.045–0.091)	0.039 (−0.028–0.107)	0.066 (−0.003–0.135)
p-value	0.158	0.214	0.644	0.510	0.255	0.062
Pack-years 38–45 years
β (95% CI)	0.025 (−0.038–0.088)	<0.001 (−0.073–0.073)	0.034 (−0.023–0.091)	0.093 (0.029–0.157)	0.060 (−0.003–0.122)	0.017 (−0.047–0.081)
p-value	0.432	0.999	0.242	0.005	0.063	0.601

All IOS measures are log-transformed and analyses are adjusted for use of both substances and also adjusted for body mass index, height and the relevant IOS measure at age 38 years (e.g. resistance at 5 Hz (R₅) at 38 years is the adjustment for age 45 years R₅); statistically significant associations are bolded. β-values are standardised regression coefficients, which represent the standard deviation difference in IOS measure associated with each standard deviation change in joint- or pack-years. R₂₀: resistance at 20 Hz; R₅−R₂₀: difference between R₅ and R₂₀; X₅: reactance at 5 Hz; AX: area under the reactance curve between 5 Hz and resonant frequency (f_res).