R5 | R20 | R5−R20 | X5 | AX | fres | |
Women | ||||||
Participants (n) | 426 | 426 | 426 | 425 | 422 | 423 |
Joint-years 38–45 years | ||||||
β (95% CI) | 0.125 (0.035–0.214) | 0.075 (−0.025–0.176) | 0.085 (−0.019–0.189) | 0.125 (0.035–0.218) | 0.140 (0.054–0.226) | 0.129 (0.042–0.217) |
p-value | 0.006 | 0.142 | 0.109 | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.004 |
Pack-years 38–45 years | ||||||
β (95% CI) | 0.002 (−0.107–0.111) | −0.007 (−0.129–0.115) | 0.077 (−0.049–0.203) | −0.064 (−0.176–0.047) | −0.017 (−0.121–0.087) | 0.013 (−0.093–0.120) |
p-value | 0.972 | 0.906 | 0.232 | 0.258 | 0.749 | 0.804 |
Men | ||||||
Participants (n) | 438 | 438 | 438 | 437 | 434 | 434 |
Joint-years 38–45 years | ||||||
β (95% CI) | 0.049 (−0.019–0.117) | 0.049 (−0.029–0.127) | 0.015 (−0.047–0.077) | 0.023 (−0.045–0.091) | 0.039 (−0.028–0.107) | 0.066 (−0.003–0.135) |
p-value | 0.158 | 0.214 | 0.644 | 0.510 | 0.255 | 0.062 |
Pack-years 38–45 years | ||||||
β (95% CI) | 0.025 (−0.038–0.088) | <0.001 (−0.073–0.073) | 0.034 (−0.023–0.091) | 0.093 (0.029–0.157) | 0.060 (−0.003–0.122) | 0.017 (−0.047–0.081) |
p-value | 0.432 | 0.999 | 0.242 | 0.005 | 0.063 | 0.601 |
All IOS measures are log-transformed and analyses are adjusted for use of both substances and also adjusted for body mass index, height and the relevant IOS measure at age 38 years (e.g. resistance at 5 Hz (R5) at 38 years is the adjustment for age 45 years R5); statistically significant associations are bolded. β-values are standardised regression coefficients, which represent the standard deviation difference in IOS measure associated with each standard deviation change in joint- or pack-years. R20: resistance at 20 Hz; R5−R20: difference between R5 and R20; X5: reactance at 5 Hz; AX: area under the reactance curve between 5 Hz and resonant frequency (fres).