TABLE 3

Adjusted associations of cannabis and tobacco with pre-bronchodilator impulse oscillometry (IOS) measures for the whole sample

	R₅	R₂₀	R₅−R₂₀	X₅	AX	f_res
Participants (n)	877	877	877	876	868	870
Joint-years
β (95% CI)	0.104 (0.033–0.175)	0.073 (−0.001–0.148)	0.086 (0.013–0.158)	0.110 (0.039–0.174)	0.130 (0.060–0.200)	0.133 (0.062–0.204)
p-value	0.004	0.054	0.020	0.002	<0.001	<0.001
Pack-years
β (95% CI)	0.042 (−0.029–0.113)	0.003 (−0.072–0.077)	0.076 (0.004–0.149)	0.041 (−0.027–0.108)	0.052 (−0.018–0.123)	0.047 (−0.025–0.119)
p-value	0.248	0.946	0.039	0.237	0.147	0.197
Interaction term^# (p-value)	0.031	0.131	0.034	0.062	0.034	0.054

All IOS measures are log-transformed and analyses are adjusted for use of both substances and also adjusted for sex, body mass index and height. Bolded values are statistically significant. β-values are standardised regression coefficients, which represent the standard deviation difference in IOS measure associated with each standard deviation change in joint- or pack-years. R₅: resistance at 5 Hz; R₂₀: resistance at 20 Hz; R₅−R₂₀: difference between R₅ and R₂₀; X₅: reactance at 5 Hz; AX: area under the reactance curve between 5 Hz and resonant frequency (f_res). ^#: interaction term p-values are for joint-years by sex in the adjusted model for each IOS measure tested for after the adjusted model was run.