TABLE 2

Lung function at 8 years in the asthma groups^# compared to the group with never asthma (reference) measured as Z-score in a linear regression stratified for sex

	Never asthma (reference)	Childhood asthma in remission	p-value	Adolescent onset asthma	p-value	Persistent asthma	p-value
Male n	267	109		33		51
Female n	388	80		75		57
FEV₁ β (95% CI) male		−0.124 (−0.327–0.078)	0.23	−0.352 (−0.681– −0.023)	0.036	−0.124 (−0.396–0.149)	0.37
FEV₁ β (95% CI) female		−0.101 (−0.323–0.121)	0.37	−0.017 (−0.245–0.211)	0.88	−0.158 (−0.414–0.098)	0.23
p-interaction male–female			0.87		0.10		0.86
FVC β (95% CI) male		0.048 (−0.154–0.250)	0.64	0.017 (−0.310–0.344)	0.92	0.218 (−0.053–0.489)	0.12
FVC β (95% CI) female		0.079 (−0.132–0.289)	0.46	−0.029 (−0.245–0.187)	0.79	0.120 (−0.123–0.363)	0.33
p-interaction male–female			0.84		0.82		0.60
FEV₁/FVC β (95% CI) male		−0.254 (−0.457– −0.051)	0.014	−0.563 (−0.893– −0.234)	0.001	−0.489 (−0.762– −0.216)	<0.001
FEV₁/FVC β (95% CI) female		−0.235 (−0.447– −0.023)	0.029	0.067 (−0.150–0.284)	0.54	−0.401 (−0.645– −0.156)	0.001
p-interaction male–female			0.90		0.002		0.63

Significant differences in bold. β: regression coefficient; CI: confidence interval; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity. ^#: never asthma: not fulfilling criteria for asthma at any attended examination; childhood asthma in remission: asthma onset up to 8 years of age, not at 24 years; adolescent asthma: asthma onset after 8 years of age; persistent asthma: asthma onset before 8 years of age persisting to 24 years of age.