Crude OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted# OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Female (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Male | 0.89 (0.67–1.19) | 0.443 | 0.93 (0.69–1.25) | 0.638 |
Age | ||||
18–25 years (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
26–35 years | 0.87 (0.58–1.29) | 0.477 | 0.94 (0.61–1.45) | 0.773 |
36–45 years | 0.63 (0.44–0.92) | 0.015 | 0.74 (0.47–1.15) | 0.181 |
Marital status | ||||
Unmarried (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Married/registered partnership | 0.81 (0.59–1.09) | 0.164 | 0.95 (0.66–1.37) | 0.793 |
Divorced/widowed | 0.55 (0.33–0.93) | 0.027 | 0.57 (0.32–1.02) | 0.057 |
Other/missing | 0.83 (0.50–1.40) | 0.490 | 0.79 (0.46–1.38) | 0.411 |
Region of residency | ||||
Capital (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Zealand | 0.73 (0.49–1.08) | 0.119 | 0.86 (0.57–1.29) | 0.457 |
North Denmark | 0.61 (0.42–0.88) | 0.009 | 0.65 (0.44–0.97) | 0.036 |
Central Denmark | 0.55 (0.32–0.93) | 0.027 | 0.58 (0.33–1.00) | 0.052 |
Southern Denmark | 0.61 (0.40–0.94) | 0.024 | 0.72 (0.46–1.14) | 0.160 |
Concurrent asthma medication | ||||
ICS | ||||
No use (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Low dose | 1.75 (1.18–2.59) | 0.006 | 1.52 (0.99–2.35) | 0.057 |
Medium/high dose | 1.80 (1.16–2.80) | 0.009 | 1.31 (0.78–2.21) | 0.303 |
Add-on controllers (LABA, LAMA, LTRA) | ||||
0 (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
1 | 1.17 (0.87–1.57) | 0.308 | 1.05 (0.76–1.45) | 0.766 |
≥2 | 1.72 (1.09–2.71) | 0.019 | 1.62 (0.99–2.66) | 0.055 |
SABA canisters | ||||
0–<3 (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
3–<12 | 1.44 (1.08–1.93) | 0.014 | 1.37 (0.99–1.89) | 0.055 |
≥12 | 1.65 (0.99–2.75) | 0.057 | 1.78 (1.01–3.14) | 0.046 |
Asthma-related ED visits | ||||
0 (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
≥1 | 3.76 (2.14–6.61) | 0.000 | 2.62 (1.42–4.84) | 0.002 |
Asthma-related hospitalisation | ||||
0 (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
≥1 | 3.19 (2.16–4.71) | 0.000 | 2.59 (1.71–3.90) | 0.000 |
Estimates tested by multivariable logistic regression analyses and reported as OR (95% CI). ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; LABA: long-acting β2-agonist; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LTRA: leukotriene receptor antagonist; SABA: short-acting β2-agonist; ED: emergency department. #: adjusted for all other factors in the model.