Total COPD population (n=69 359) | All-cause acute hospitalisation of COPD patients (n=26 453) | Acute hospitalisations due to ECOPD (n=8331) | |
Demographics | |||
Age, years | 72.9 (72.8–73.0) | 76.2 (76.1–76.5) | 77.8 (77.6–78.0) |
Male | 77.1 | 85.1 | 88.4 |
Comorbidities | |||
Arterial hypertension | 70.2 | 70.9 | 73.5 |
Dyslipidaemia | 48.5 | 40.7 | 42.3 |
Heart failure | 38.8 | 38.0 | 52.6 |
Diabetes | 37.4 | 36.2 | 39.2 |
Obesity | 25.4 | 17.0 | 20.4 |
Atrial fibrillation | 18.7 | 17.1 | 19.9 |
Sleep apnoea | 17.8 | 14.5 | 16.5 |
Depression | 13.6 | 11.4 | 13.0 |
Hiatal hernia | 13.3 | 9.9 | 10.5 |
Ischaemic cardiopathy | 12.8 | 12.3 | 13.3 |
Pulmonary embolism | 4.3 | 4.7 | 5.7 |
Respiratory treatments | |||
LAMA | 81.1 | 55.0 | 84.6 |
LABA/ICS | 62.5 | 45.1 | 72.7 |
LABA/LAMA | 37.6 | 19.2 | 20.3 |
Data are presented as mean (95% CI) or %. LAMA: long-acting anti-muscarinic antagonists; LABA: long-acting β2-agonists; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids. The percentages of inhaled treatments can add up to more than 100% due to changes in the treatment of some patients during the follow-up period. Most LAMA were administered in association with LABA/ICS (triple therapy).