Baseline characteristics of the propensity-matched cohorts stratified by pre-existing cardiovascular disease
| Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease | Patients without pre-existing cardiovascular disease | |||
| Patients with COPD and asthma | Patients with COPD without asthma | Patients with COPD and asthma | Patients with COPD without asthma | |
| Patients | 3690 | 7236 | 6775 | 13 205 |
| Age years | 72.4 (65.2–79.1) | 72.6 (65.7–78.9) | 66.2 (57.1–74.7) | 66.4 (58.4–74.3) |
| Female | 2058 (55.8) | 3989 (55.1) | 4024 (59.4) | 7761 (58.8) |
| Tobacco exposure | ||||
| Never smoking | 219 (5.9) | 241 (3.3) | 334 (4.9) | 432 (3.3) |
| Passive smoking | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Previous smoking | 2156 (58.4) | 4529 (62.6) | 3675 (54.2) | 7367 (55.8) |
| Active smoking | 981 (26.6) | 1998 (27.6) | 2217 (32.7) | 4581 (34.7) |
| Unknown tobacco exposure | 333 (9.0) | 468 (6.5) | 548 (8.1) | 825 (6.2) |
| MRC dyspnoea score | 3 (3–4) | 3 (3–4) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 25 (23–29) | 25 (22–30) | 25 (22–29) | 25 (21–29) |
| FEV1 % pred | 49 (37–61) | 49 (37–61) | 49 (36–61) | 49 (35–61) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 1898 (51.4) | 3622 (50.1) | 1525 (22.5) | 2872 (21.7) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 1018 (27.6) | 2188 (30.2) | 326 (4.8) | 571 (4.3) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 864 (23.4) | 1695 (23.4) | 618 (9.1) | 1261 (9.5) |
| Diabetes | 724 (19.6) | 1305 (18.0) | 660 (9.7) | 1136 (8.6) |
| Osteoporosis or osteopenia | 1013 (27.5) | 1584 (21.9) | 1438 (21.2) | 2339 (17.7) |
| Renal insufficiency | 2017 (54.7) | 3843 (53.1) | 1807 (26.7) | 3338 (25.3) |
| Liver insufficiency | 114 (3.1) | 258 (3.6) | 210 (3.1) | 372 (2.8) |
| Malignancy | 854 (23.1) | 1561 (21.6) | 1131 (16.7) | 2111 (16.0) |
| Atopy or allergy | 562 (15.2) | 264 (3.6) | 1042 (15.4) | 377 (2.9) |
| Depression | 292 (7.9) | 442 (6.1) | 333 (4.9) | 516 (3.9) |
| Exacerbations requiring admission within the year prior to inclusion | 1426 (38.6) | 2334 (32.3) | 2146 (31.7) | 3613 (27.4) |
| Medical treatment for respiratory disease within the year prior to inclusion | ||||
| Oral corticosteroid | 2207 (59.8) | 3113 (43.0) | 3703 (54.7) | 5276 (40.0) |
| Inhaled corticosteroid | 3252 (88.1) | 4892 (67.6) | 5983 (88.3) | 8887 (67.3) |
| Long-acting β2-agonist | 3253 (88.2) | 5435 (75.1) | 5920 (87.4) | 9736 (73.7) |
| Long acting muscarinic receptor antagonist | 2715 (73.6) | 5167 (71.4) | 4730 (69.8) | 9074 (68.7) |
| Short-acting β2-agonist | 2905 (78.7) | 4590 (63.4) | 5172 (76.3) | 8194 (62.1) |
| Short-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist | 208 (5.6) | 249 (3.4) | 250 (3.7) | 357 (2.7) |
| Medical treatment for cardiovascular disease within the year prior to inclusion | ||||
| Blood pressure medication | 3070 (83.2) | 6212 (85.8) | 3739 (55.2) | 7631 (57.8) |
| Cholesterol-lowering medication | 2080 (56.4) | 4458 (61.6) | 1403 (20.7) | 3157 (23.9) |
| ADP-receptor inhibitors | 666 (18.0) | 1532 (21.2) | NA | NA |
| Acetyl sialic acid | 1841 (49.9) | 3838 (53.0) | 1002 (14.8) | 2213 (16.8) |
| Nitrates | 964 (26.1) | 1799 (24.9) | NA | NA |
| Medical treatment for diabetes within the year prior to inclusion | ||||
| Insulin | 229 (6.2) | 448 (6.2) | 225 (3.3) | 392 (3.0) |
| Non-insulin antidiabetics | 637 (17.3) | 1185 (16.4) | 657 (9.7) | 1311 (9.9) |
Data are presented as n, median (interquartile range) or n (%). Patients with COPD and asthma and with COPD without asthma were propensity matched 1:2 by age, gender, tobacco exposure, Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea score, body mass index (BMI) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % stratified into populations based on pre-existing cardiovascular disease. NA: not applicable.