Associations between clinical features and immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) using ordinal logistic regression analysis: grade 3–5 IRAEs versus grade 1–2 IRAEs versus no IRAEs
| OR (90% CI) | p-value | |
| FV: positive versus negative (reference) | 0.63 (0.40–0.99) | 0.046* |
| Race: White versus non-White (reference) | 3.27 (1.13–9.47) | 0.034* |
| Gender: male versus female (reference) | 0.93 (0.57–1.53) | 0.406 |
| Smoking status: ever versus never (reference) | 2.86 (0.97–8.42) | 0.055 |
| Age: <60 versus ≥60 years (reference) | 0.86 (0.49–1.52) | 0.335 |
| Trial: yes versus no (reference) | 1.23 (0.73–2.07) | 0.254 |
| ICI received: | ||
| PD-L1 versus PD-1 (reference) | 2.36 (0.94–5.90) | 0.062 |
| CTLA-4/CTLA-4 combinations versus PD-1 (reference) | 2.06 (0.97–4.38) | 0.057 |
FV: influenza vaccination; ICI: immune checkpoint inhibitor; PD-L1: PD-1 ligand 1; PD-1: programmed cell death 1; CTLA-4: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4. Harrell's C-statistic=0.642. *: p<0.05.