Associations between clinical features and severe immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) using logistic regression analysis: grade 3–5 IRAEs versus grade 1–2 IRAEs plus no IRAEs#
| OR (90% CI) | p-value | |
| FV: positive versus negative (reference)¶ | 0.42 (0.24–0.73) | 0.005* |
| Race: White versus non-White (reference) | 1.94 (0.60–6.25) | 0.175 |
| Gender: male versus female (reference) | 0.90 (0.51–1.58) | 0.378 |
| Smoking status: ever versus never (reference) | 4.34 (0.73–25.76) | 0.088 |
| Age: <60 versus ≥60 years (reference) | 0.99 (0.53–1.85) | 0.489 |
| Trial: yes versus no (reference) | 0.78 (0.41–1.46) | 0.257 |
| ICI received: | ||
| PD-L1 versus PD-1 (reference) | 2.24 (0.87–5.79) | 0.081 |
| CTLA-4/CTLA-4 combinations versus PD-1 (reference) | 2.89 (1.22–6.87) | 0.022* |
FV: influenza vaccination; ICI: immune checkpoint inhibitor; PD-L1: PD-1 ligand 1; PD-1: programmed cell death 1; CTLA-4: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4. #: comparisons made between patients with grade 3–5 IRAEs and patients with no IRAEs plus patients with grade 1–2 IRAEs; ¶: OR 0.45 by elastic-net logistic regression with α=0.5 and OR 0.61 by Bayesian logistic regression with horseshoe prior. Harrell's C-statistic=0.695. *: p<0.05.