Group A | Group B | Group C | Baseline | 6 months FU | ||||||||||||||
Baseline | 6 months FU | Δ | p-value | Baseline | 6 months FU | Δ | p-value | Baseline | 6 months FU | Δ | p-value | 1 versus 2 | 1 versus 3 | 2 versus 3 | 1 versus 2 | 1 versus 3 | 2 versus 3 | |
p-value | p-value | p-value | p-value | p-value | p-value | |||||||||||||
Age years | 49.7±15 | 59.9±14 | 61.8±13 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ns | ||||||||||||
Sex, female, n (%) | 65 (67.7) | 37 (68.5) | 18 (58.0) | ns | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||||||
DLCO % pred | 54±11 | 53±13 | 51±3 | ns | ns | ns | ||||||||||||
NYHA | 2.8±0.4 | 2.2±0.6 | −0.5±0.6 | 0.0001 | 2.9±0.3 | 2.4±0.6 | −0.4±06 | 0.0001 | 2.6±0.5 | 2.5±0.6 | −0.1±0.4 | ns | ns | ns | 0.02 | ns | ns | ns |
Class I–II, n (%) | 20 (20.8) | 65 (67.7) | 9 (16.7) | 31 (57.4) | 8 (25.8) | 11 (35.5) | ||||||||||||
Class III, n (%) | 67 (69.8) | 31 (32.3) | 40 (74.0) | 21 (38.9) | 20 (64.5) | 13 (41.9) | ||||||||||||
Class IV, n (%) | 9 (9.4) | 0 (0) | 5 (9.3) | 2 (3.7) | 3 (9.7) | 7 (22.6) | ||||||||||||
6MWT m | 337±96 | 392±103 | +55±71 | 0.0001 | 313±108 | 352±129 | +39±104 | 0.005 | 321±103 | 343±109 | +22±88 | 0.04 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Heart rate, beats·min−1 | 78±17 | 73±13 | −5±16 | 0.001 | 79±19 | 76±12 | −3±20 | ns | 78±13 | 71±25 | −7±24 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
NT-proBNP pg·mL−1 | 944±708 | 465±359 | −478±517 | 0.0001 | 824±574 | 391±198 | −433±521 | 0.003 | 1268±846 | 579±501 | −689±839 | 0.01 | ns | ns | 0.009 | ns | ns | ns |
Haemodynamics | ||||||||||||||||||
RAP mmHg | 9.0±4.4 | 6.8±3.8 | −2.1±4.3 | 0.0001 | 8.3±4.9 | 7.6±4.2 | −0.7±4.5 | ns | 8.0±5.5 | 5.9±4.9 | −2.2±3.2 | 0.02 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
mPAP mmHg | 51±12 | 43±16 | −7.5±13 | 0.0001 | 49±12 | 43±9 | −6.5±10 | 0.0001 | 49±11 | 44±13 | −4.9±9 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
WP mmHg | 9.7±3.2 | 8.8±3.8 | 10.9±3.2 | 10.2±3.5 | 10±3.5 | 10±3.3 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ||||||
CI L·min·m−2 | 2.3±0.9 | 3.1±0.9 | +0.8±0.9 | 0.0001 | 2.3±0.6 | 2.8±0.6 | +0.5±0.6 | 0.0001 | 2.3±0.6 | 2.8±0.9 | +0.5±0.6 | 0.002 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
PVR WU | 12.4±6.5 | 7.4±4.2 | −4.8±5.6 | 0.0001 | 10.3±4.4 | 7.2±2.8 | −3.1±3.4 | 0.0001 | 10.6±4.9 | 8.7±3.9 | −2.0±2.6 | 0.01 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Echocardiography | ||||||||||||||||||
RV/LV ratio | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | ns | ns | ns | <0.01 | <0.01 | ns | |||||||||
<1, n (%) | 3 (3.1) | 22 (22.9) | 3 (5.6) | 8 (14.8) | 0 (0) | 4 (12.9) | ||||||||||||
=1, n (%) | 15 (15.6) | 18 (18.7) | 7 (13) | 9 (16.7) | 5 (16.1) | 4 (12.9) | ||||||||||||
>1, n (%) | 78 (81.3) | 56 (58.2) | 44 (81.5) | 37 (68.5) | 26 (83.9) | 23 (74.2) | ||||||||||||
TAPSE, mm | 16.8±4 | 19.5±4 | +2.7±3 | 0.0001 | 16.2±4 | 17.6±4.7 | +1.4±4 | 0.01 | 16.7±3 | 18.2±4 | +1.5±3 | 0.01 | ns | ns | ns | 0.04 | ns | ns |
TR, grade | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | ns | <0.01 | ns | ns | <0.01 | <0.01 | |||||||||
Mild, n (%) | 48 (50.0) | 59 (61.5) | 25 (46.3) | 28 (51.8) | 12 (38.7) | 12 (38.7) | ||||||||||||
Moderate, n (%) | 33 (34.3) | 29 (30.2) | 18 (33.3) | 21 (38.9) | 10 (32.3) | 15 (48.3) | ||||||||||||
Severe, n (%) | 15 (15.7) | 8 (8.3) | 11 (20.3) | 5 (9.3) | 9 (29.0) | 4 (13.0) | ||||||||||||
Pericardial effusion, n (%) | 20 (20.8) | 9 (9.3) | 12 (22.2) | 5 (9.2) | 6 (19.3) | 5 (16.1) |
Group A: patients without cardiovascular comorbidities; Group B: patients with one cardiovascular comorbidity; Group C: patients with at least two cardiovascular comorbidities. Results are expressed as mean±sd unless indicated otherwise. FU: follow-up; ns: nonsignificant; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; NYHA: New York Heart Association; 6MWT: non-encouraged 6-min walk test; RAP: mean right atrial pressure; mPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure; WP: wedge pressure; CI: cardiac index; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; RV: right ventricular end-diastolic area; LV: left ventricular end-diastolic area; TAPSE: tricupid anular plane systolic excursion; TR: tricuspid regurgitation.