Global | Men | Women | p-value | Smokers | Never-smokers | p-value | |
Subjects n | 9092 | 4311 | 4781 | 4910 | 4182 | ||
Age years | 60.2±11.1 | 60.1±10.8 | 60.4±11.3 | 0.1553 | 59.4±10.2 | 61.2±12.0 | <0.0001 |
BMI kg·m−2 | 27.5±5.0 | 28.1±4.4 | 27.01±5.4 | <0.0001 | 27.4±4.8 | 27.6±5.1 | 0.0706 |
Active smoker % | 19.8 | 21.6 | 18.1 | <0.0001 | 36.6 | ||
Ex-smoker % | 34.2 | 39.9 | 29.1 | 63.4 | |||
Never-smoker % | 46.0 | 38.5 | 52.8 | 100 | |||
Pack-years | 26.3±22.9 | 30.0±24.8 | 21.9±19.6 | <0.0001 | 26.3±22.9 | ||
FVC L | 3.7±1.0 | 4.32±0.9 | 3.1±0.7 | <0.0001 | 3.8±0.9 | 3.2±1.1 | <0.0001 |
FVC % | 101.0±14.9 | 100.5±14.9 | 101.5±14.9 | <0.0001 | 100.9±14.5 | 101.2±15.4 | 0.2152 |
FEV1 L | 2.9±0.8 | 3.34±0.8 | 2.4±0.6 | <0.0001 | 2.9±0.8 | 2.8±0.9 | <0.0001 |
FEV1 % pred | 100.6±17.1 | 99.64±17.7 | 101.5±16.5 | <0.0001 | 98.8±17.2 | 102.7±16.8 | <0.0001 |
FEV1/FVC | 78.2±7.8 | 77.08±8.5 | 79.12±7.04 | <0.0001 | 76.9±8.5 | 79.7±6.7 | <0.0001 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 0.36±0.87 | 0.42±0.97 | 0.30±0.77 | <0.0001 | 0.40±0.94 | 0.30±0.78 | <0.0001 |
COTE index | 1.01±2.25 | 0.64±1.72 | 1.34±2.59 | <0.0001 | 1.06±2.29 | 0.95±2.20 | 0.0256 |
Possible depression % | 11.1 | 9.5 | 12.6 | <0.0001 | 11.0 | 11.2 | 0.9141 |
Possible anxiety % | 26.6 | 19.7 | 32.8 | <0.0001 | 26.4 | 26.8 | 0.1447 |
YPAS | 50.0±23.8 | 52.7±25.1 | 47.7±22.5 | <0.0001 | 50.0±23.9 | 50.1±14.0 | 0.8135 |
Values are mean±sd, unless otherwise specified. BMI: body mass index; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; COTE: COPD specific comorbidity test; YPAS: Yale Physical Activity Questionnaire.