A global overview of the included studies with patient characteristics and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection description
| Characteristics | Study | ||||||||
| Fujita 2020 (a#) [6] | Fujita 2020 (b#) [6] | Fujita 2020 (c#) [6] | Baba 2021 [10] | Okamoto 2021 [12] | Koyama 2021 [11] | Chi 2022 [9] | Omori 2022 [13] | Yamaba 2022 [8] | |
| Age years | 66 | 80 | 66 | 80 | 69 | 44 | 58 | 74 | 82 |
| Sex | Female | Male | Male | Male | Male | Female | Male | Male | Male |
| Neoplasia | Lung adenocarcinoma | NSCLC | Lung squamous cell carcinoma | Lung squamous cell carcinoma | Lung squamous cell carcinoma | Breast cancer | Renal cell carcinoma | Lung cancer | Gastric cancer |
| Country | Japan | Japan | Japan | Japan | Japan | Japan | Taiwan | Japan | Japan |
| Chemotherapy¶ | (i) Carboplatin+pemetrexed; (ii) gemcitabine | (i) Carboplatin+nabPTX | (i) Carboplatin+nabPTX; (ii) nivolumab; (iii) docetaxel | (i) Carboplatin | Carboplatin+nabPTX (concomitant to ICI) | (i) Doxorubicin+tamoxifen; (ii) leuprorelin acetate; (iii) bevacizumab+paclitaxel (concomitant to ICI) | Axitinib (concomitant to ICI) | Unknown | (i) Tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil |
| Previous radiotherapy | 60 Gy stereotactic | 66 Gy stereotactic | 37.5 Gy palliative | 60 Gy | - | - | - | - | 45 Gy |
| ICIs administered (cycles+) | Nivolumab (38) | Atezolizumab (24) | Nivolumab (6) Atezolizumab (4) | Durvalumab (unknown) | Pembrolizumab (6) | Nivolumab (6) | Pembrolizumab (8) | Pembrolizumab (unknown) | Nivolumab (22) |
| Time since ICI started months | 17 | 17 | 19 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 22 |
| NTM isolated | Mycobacterium intracellulare | M. intracellulare + M. avium | M. intracellulare | M. avium | M. abscessus | M. mageritense | M. avium complex | M. abscessus subsp. abscessus | M. intracellulare |
| Organ/tissue involved | Lung | Lung | Lung | Lung | Lung | (i) CRBSI; (ii) ABSSI | Lung | Vertebral osteomyelitis+epidural abscess | Lung |
| NTM treatment | Yes | Yes | No | Unknown | Yes (IMP+AMK+CLR) | Yes (AMK+MEM+CIP) | Yes | Yes (IMP+AMK+CLR) | Yes (RIF+ETB+CLR) |
| Management of immunotherapy | Maintained | Maintained | Discontinued | Unknown | Suspended and restarted after lobectomy | (i) Maintained; (ii) discontinued | Unknown | Already suspended at time of diagnosis | Discontinued |
| Response to NTM therapy | Good | Fair | No treatment | Unknown | Good | Fair | Poor, discontinued after 4 months | Poor, patient died at day 43 after admission | Good |
NSCLC: nonsmall cell lung cancer; ICI: immune checkpoint inhibitor; nabPTX: nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel; IMP: imipenem; AMK: amikacin; CLR: clarithromycin; RIF: rifampicin; ETB: ethambutol; MEM: meropenem; CIP: ciprofloxacin; CRBSI: catheter-related bloodstream infection; ABSSI: acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection. #: case series; ¶: preceded ICI if not otherwise specified; +: at time of NTM infection diagnosis.