TABLE 3

Association between baseline characteristics of both patients with COPD and caregivers and changes in caregiver's burden, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and general fatigue after pulmonary rehabilitation (PR)

Caregivers	Burden ΔM2 – M0		Anxiety symptoms ΔM2 – M0		Depressive symptoms ΔM2 – M0		General fatigue ΔM2 – M0
	Estimate (se)	p-value	Estimate (se)	p-value	Estimate (se)	p-value	Estimate (se)	p-value
Baseline characteristics of patients
Age >70 years	1.63 (2.20)	0.46	0.35 (0.67)	0.61	0.02 (0.55)	0.96	0.79 (1.21)	0.51
FEV₁ % of pred value increase	0.01 (0.06)	0.80	−0.03 (0.02)	0.098	−0.01 (0.01)	0.27	−0.06 (0.03)	0.046
BMI >30 kg·m⁻²	0.66 (2.30)	0.77	−0.66 (0.68)	0.36	−0.46 (0.54)	0.40	−1.49 (1.19)	0.21
LTOT or NIV	−7.51 (2.19)	0.042	0.69 (0.66)	0.30	0.50 (0.53)	0.35	1.18 (1.15)	0.31
Charlson index, 1-point increase	0.62 (0.38)	0.11	−0.14 (0.12)	0.23	−0.22 (0.09)	0.018	−0.19 (0.20)	0.35
Coronaropathy/peripheral arterial disease	−4.82 (2.33)	0.041	−0.44 (0.72)	0.55	−0.30 (0.58)	0.61	0.38 (1.28)	0.77
Sex, female versus male	0.51 (2.32)	0.83	0.90 (0.69)	0.20	0.51 (0.55)	0.34	0.31 (1.21)	0.80
Anxiety score ≥11	0.46 (2.13)	0.83	0.22 (0.65)	0.73	−0.14 (0.53)	0.79	−0.27 (1.15)	0.81
Depression score ≥11	4.44 (2.45)	0.073	0.54 (0.77)	0.49	0.99 (0.61)	0.11	−0.71 (1.35)	0.60
FAS score ≥22	−0.73 (2.55)	0.77	1.11 (0.74)	0.13	−0.07 (0.60)	0.90	−0.65 (1.32)	0.62
6MST, 50 strokes	0.35 (0.39)	0.36	−0.04 (0.11)	0.73	−0.07 (0.09)	0.46	−0.03 (0.19)	0.89
mMRC, 1-point increase	−2.51 (1.00)	0.014	0.24 (0.32)	0.45	−0.17 (0.25)	0.49	−0.27 (0.55)	0.63
Baseline characteristics of caregivers
Age >70 years	0.85 (2.47)	0.73	0.53 (0.76)	0.48	−0.06 (0.60)	0.92	1.35 (1.33)	0.31
Sex, female versus male	−1.17 (2.41)	0.63	−1.25 (0.72)	0.084	−0.92 (0.56)	0.10	−1.10 (1.27)	0.39
Anxiety score >11	4.55 (2.61)	0.083			−0.06 (0.68)	0.94	0.44 (1.48)	0.77
Depression score >11	6.54 (3.57)	0.094	−1.66 (1.26)	0.19			−1.12 (2.36)	0.63
FAS score ≥22	0.16 (2.30)	0.94	0.42 (0.74)	0.56	0.75 (0.62)	0.23
ZBI >24			2.13 (0.75)	0.005	0.83 (0.60)	0.17	1.78 (1.28)	0.17

Estimate (se) and p-values were obtained using linear regression model adjusted on baseline score values of caregivers. se: standard error; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; BMI: body mass index; LTOT: long-term oxygen therapy; NIV: noninvasive ventilation; FAS: Fatigue Assessment Scale; 6MST: 6-min stepper test; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council scale; ZBI: Zarit Burden Interview.