Change in physiological parameters in response to 1-min sit-to-stand (1MSTS) and incremental shuttle walk (ISWT) tests
| 1MSTS | ISWT | Mean difference (95% CI) | p-value | |
| SpO2, % | ||||
| Baseline | 95±3.4 | 94±4.1 | 1.0 (0.4–1.8) | 0.002* |
| Post-test | 91±6.2 | 85±8.9 | 6.2 (4.6–7.7) | <0.001* |
| Change from baseline | −3.8±4.0 | −8.9±7.3 | 5.0 (3.5–6.7) | <0.001* |
| Heart rate, beats per min | ||||
| Baseline | 79±13.1 | 80±13.3 | −0.52 (−2.5–1.4) | 0.593 |
| Post-test | 89±14.9 | 118±24.3 | −29.4 (−34.9– −23.9) | <0.001* |
| Change from baseline | 9.4±8.0 | 38.3±25.9 | −28.8 (−34.8– −22.9) | <0.001* |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | ||||
| Baseline | 126±19.1 | 119±17.9 | 7.1 (3.9–10.2) | <0.001* |
| Post-test | 136±21.4 | 136±28.2 | 0.0 (−4.9–4.9) | 0.995 |
| Change from baseline | 10.1±10.5 | 17.7±19.0 | −7.6 (−12.0– −3.2) | <0.001* |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | ||||
| Baseline | 75±11.1 | 74±14.8 | 1.4 (−1.4–4.3) | 0.32 |
| Post-test | 78.8±13.0 | 84.4±17.6 | −5.6 (−8.8– −2.4) | <0.001* |
| Change from baseline | 2.9±7.8 | 10.3±15.1 | −7.4 (−10.7– −4.0) | <0.001* |
| Borg breathlessness | ||||
| Baseline | 0.85±1.1 | 0.92±1.1 | −0.1 (−0.24–0.09) | 0.34 |
| Post-test | 3.6±1.8 | 4.6±2.0 | −1.0 (−1.37– −0.62) | <0.001* |
| Change from baseline | 2.8±1.8 | 3.7±2.2 | −0.9 (−1.3– −0.6) | <0.001* |
Data are presented as mean±sd unless otherwise stated. Borg breathlessness is scored on a scale of 0–10. SpO2: oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry. *: p<0.05.