Patient characteristics
| Total, N (%) | Post-COVID-19 breathlessness | Total | ||
| No | Yes | |||
| Total, N (%) | 611 (49.8) | 615 (50.2) | 1226 | |
| Age at admission, years | 1213 (98.9) | |||
| <30 | 10 (1.6) | 15 (2.4) | 25 (2.0) | |
| 30–39 | 38 (6.2) | 41 (6.7) | 79 (6.4) | |
| 40–49 | 87 (14.2) | 103 (16.7) | 190 (15.5) | |
| 50–59 | 151 (24.7) | 203 (33.0) | 354 (28.9) | |
| 60–69 | 183 (30.0) | 174 (28.3) | 357 (29.1) | |
| 70–79 | 107 (17.5) | 61 (9.9) | 168 (13.7) | |
| ≥80 | 29 (4.7) | 11 (1.8) | 40 (3.3) | |
| Data missing | 6 (1.0) | 7 (1.1) | 13 (1.1) | |
| Sex at birth | 1226 (100.0) | |||
| Male | 416 (68.1) | 352 (57.2) | 768 (62.6) | |
| Female | 195 (31.9) | 263 (42.8) | 458 (37.4) | |
| Ethnicity | 1203 (98.1) | |||
| White | 422 (69.1) | 451 (73.3) | 873 (71.2) | |
| South Asian | 82 (13.4) | 71 (11.5) | 153 (12.5) | |
| Black | 52 (8.5) | 40 (6.5) | 92 (7.5) | |
| Mixed | 17 (2.8) | 16 (2.6) | 33 (2.7) | |
| Other | 27 (4.4) | 25 (4.1) | 52 (4.2) | |
| Data missing | 11 (1.8) | 12 (2.0) | 23 (1.9) | |
| Index of Multiple Deprivation | 1204 (98.2) | |||
| 1, most deprived | 112 (18.3) | 154 (25.0) | 266 (21.7) | |
| 2 | 135 (22.1) | 131 (21.3) | 266 (21.7) | |
| 3 | 116 (19.0) | 112 (18.2) | 228 (18.6) | |
| 4 | 111 (18.2) | 103 (16.7) | 214 (17.5) | |
| 5, least deprived | 127 (20.8) | 103 (16.7) | 230 (18.8) | |
| Data missing | 10 (1.6) | 12 (2.0) | 22 (1.8) | |
| BMI, kg·m−2, mean±sd | 1090 (88.9) | 31.4±7.1 | 32.7±7.1 | 32.0±7.1 |
| Smoking | 1213 (98.9) | |||
| Never-smokers | 350 (57.3) | 339 (55.1) | 689 (56.2) | |
| Ex-smokers | 246 (40.3) | 260 (42.3) | 506 (41.3) | |
| Current smokers | 7 (1.1) | 11 (1.8) | 18 (1.5) | |
| Data missing | 8 (1.3) | 5 (0.8) | 13 (1.1) | |
| Number of comorbidities, median (IQR) | 1226 (100.0) | 2.0 (0.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 2.0 (0.0–3.0) |
| Pre-existing cardiovascular condition | 1226 (100.0) | |||
| No | 329 (53.8) | 350 (56.9) | 679 (55.4) | |
| Yes | 282 (46.2) | 265 (43.1) | 547 (44.6) | |
| Pre-existing respiratory condition | 1226 (100.0) | |||
| No | 449 (73.5) | 444 (72.2) | 893 (72.8) | |
| Yes | 162 (26.5) | 171 (27.8) | 333 (27.2) | |
| Pre-existing depression or anxiety | 1207 (98.5) | |||
| No | 538 (88.1) | 471 (76.6) | 1009 (82.3) | |
| Yes | 66 (10.8) | 132 (21.5) | 198 (16.2) | |
| Data missing | 7 (1.1) | 12 (2.0) | 19 (1.5) | |
| Breathlessness before COVID-19, PSQ | 1226 (100.0) | |||
| 0 | 374 (61.2) | 407 (66.2) | 781 (63.7) | |
| 1–2 | 103 (16.9) | 128 (20.8) | 231 (18.8) | |
| ≥3 | 134 (21.9) | 80 (13.0) | 214 (17.5) | |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; IQR: interquartile range; PSQ: Patient Symptom Questionnaire.