Demographics of included patient cohort
| Variable | Overall | No pneumonia | Pneumonia |
| Subjects n | 580 | 367 | 213 |
| Demographic | |||
| Age years | 4 (1.6–8.2) | 2.6 (1.2–5.6) | 7.6 (3.9–11.7) |
| Male sex | 301 (52) | 195 (53) | 106 (50) |
| Historical | |||
| Fever | 517 (89) | 314 (86) | 203 (95) |
| Days of fever | 3 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) | 4 (2–7) |
| Cough | 556 (96) | 348 (95) | 208 (98) |
| Difficulty breathing | 466 (80) | 305 (83) | 161 (76) |
| Fully immunised | 542 (93) | 341 (93) | 201 (94) |
| Days of illness | 5 (3–7) | 4 (2–7) | 6 (3–9) |
| Vomiting | 310 (53) | 196 (53) | 114 (54) |
| Wheezing | 343 (59) | 233 (63) | 110 (52) |
| Rapid breathing | 435 (75) | 288 (78) | 147 (69) |
| Rhinorrhoea | 459 (79) | 310 (84) | 149 (70) |
| Chest pain | 184 (32) | 98 (27) | 86 (40) |
| Abdominal pain | 200 (34) | 106 (29) | 94 (44) |
| Decreased oral intake | 372 (64) | 234 (64) | 138 (65) |
| Decreased urine output | 71 (12) | 47 (13) | 24 (11) |
| Smoke exposure | 227 (39) | 153 (42) | 74 (35) |
| Pneumonia history | 136 (23) | 86 (23) | 50 (23) |
| Past pneumonia hospitalisation | 57 (10) | 40 (11) | 17 (8) |
| Asthma | 156 (27) | 102 (28) | 54 (25) |
| Physical examination | |||
| Temperature °C | 37.6 (37–38.4) | 37.7 (37–38.5) | 37.5 (37–38.3) |
| Respiratory rate breaths·min−1 | 36 (28–48) | 40 (30–51.5) | 32 (24–42) |
| Heart rate beats·min−1 | 142 (123–160) | 149 (131–163) | 130 (112–148) |
| Systolic blood pressure mmHg | 113 (104–122) | 114 (104–123) | 113 (104–121) |
| Oxygen saturation % | 96 (94–98) | 96 (93–98) | 97 (94–98) |
| Oxygen saturation <92% | 69 (12) | 46 (13) | 23 (11) |
| Retractions | 254 (45) | 188 (53) | 66 (32) |
| Grunting | 54 (10) | 38 (11) | 16 (8) |
| Nasal flaring | 74 (13) | 50 (14) | 24 (12) |
| Head nodding | 21 (4) | 18 (5) | 3 (1) |
| Abdominal pain | 68 (13) | 34 (10) | 34 (17) |
| Crackles/rales | |||
| None | 352 (63) | 228 (64) | 124 (60) |
| Focal | 159 (28) | 90 (25) | 69 (33) |
| Diffuse | 51 (9) | 37 (10) | 14 (7) |
| Rhonchi | |||
| None | 369 (65) | 213 (60) | 156 (75) |
| Focal | 55 (10) | 33 (9) | 22 (11) |
| Diffuse | 140 (25) | 111 (31) | 29 (14) |
| Wheezing | |||
| None | 438 (78) | 258 (72) | 180 (87) |
| Focal | 19 (3) | 12 (3) | 7 (3) |
| Diffuse | 106 (19) | 87 (24) | 19 (9) |
| Decreased breath sounds | |||
| None | 331 (59) | 233 (65) | 98 (47) |
| Focal | 172 (31) | 83 (23) | 89 (43) |
| Diffuse | 60 (11) | 40 (11) | 20 (10) |
Numbers in parentheses represent percentages (for categorical variables) or interquartile ranges (for continuous variables).