TABLE 4

Changes with ambient air versus hyperoxia for all disease groups are shown at isotime

Isotime	Mean differences (95% CI) with hyperoxia
Isotime	Healthy	PVD	COPD	HFpEF	CHD
IET
S_pO₂ %	3.0 (2.1–4.3)***	9.0 (5.2–10.9)***	4.6 (2.9–6.4)***	5.0 (3–6)**	6.0 (2.3–9.4)*
V′_E L·min⁻¹	−16.0 (−16.9– −1.3)*	−9.0 (−13.1– −2.2)*	−3.3 (−6.3– −2.2)***	2.0 (−9.9–13.9)	−4.9 (−8.3– −1.4)*
Heart rate bpm	−7.0 (−7.4– −2.1)**	−5.0 (−10.2– −4.3)***	−5.0 (−8.4– −1.3)*	−3.0 (−8.2–1.3)	−6.0 (−15.3–4.2)
V′_E/V′_CO₂	−3.5 (−3.6– −1.7)***	−5.1 (−6.8– −3.5)***	−3.2 (−4.9– −2.1)***	−3.8 (−5.1– −2.4)**	−3.6 (−5.2– −2.1)**
CWRET
S_pO₂ %	3.0 (0.6–4)***	9.2 (5.8–12.6)***	5.2 (3.1–7.3)***	4.0 (1.0–8.0)*	5.0 (3.0–6.7)**
V′_E L·min⁻¹	−11.0 (−14.8– −3.1)***	−10.5 (−18.5– −1.9)*	−7.5 (−8.5– −4.1)***	−8.5 (−10– −7.1)***	−4.9 (−13.1–3.4)
Heart rate bpm	−3.0 (−4.9– −0.8)**	−11.0 (−15.2– −4.5)**	−8.0 (−10.4– −3.8)***	−5.0 (−8.1– −0.9)*	−4.0 (−9.4–0.5)
V′_E/V′_CO₂	−3.0 (−4.1– −2.3)***	−8.2 (−10.3– −6.1)***	−14.0 (−16.4– −2.8)***	−5.6 (−7.4– −3.9)***	−5.4 (−9.3– −1.4)*

Data are presented as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. For more details on statistical analyses see the original publications [13–17]. PVD: pulmonary vascular disease with precapillary pulmonary hypertension; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction with postcapillary pulmonary hypertension; CHD: cyanotic congenital heart disease; IET: incremental exercise test; CWRET: constant work-rate exercise test; S_pO₂: oxygenation by pulse oximetry; V′_E: minute ventilation; V′_E/V′_CO₂: ventilatory equivalent for CO₂. *: p=0.05; **: p=0.01; ***: p<0.001.