Upper respiratory symptoms of past 3 months reported by EPIC-PCD participants, overall and by age group (n=384)
| Total | Age 0–6 years | Age 7–14 years | Age 15–30 years | Age 31–50 years | Age >50 years | p-value# | |
| Participants | 384 (100) | 44 (100) | 122 (100) | 153 (100) | 42 (100) | 23 (100) | |
| Nasal symptoms | 0.199 | ||||||
| Daily/often | 198 (52) | 19 (43) | 65 (53) | 70 (46) | 28 (67) | 16 (70) | |
| Sometimes/rarely | 143 (37) | 18 (41) | 45 (37) | 63 (41) | 11 (26) | 6 (26) | |
| Never | 43 (11) | 7 (16) | 12 (10) | 20 (13) | 3 (7) | 1 (4) | |
| Nasal symptoms persisting all the time¶ | 140 (41) | 17 (50) | 45 (41) | 49 (37) | 21 (54) | 8 (25) | 0.535 |
| Type of nasal symptoms+ | |||||||
| Rhinorrhoea | 306 (90) | 34 (92) | 96 (87) | 120 (90) | 35 (90) | 21 (91) | 0.661 |
| Blocked nose | 232 (68) | 17 (46) | 78 (71) | 94 (71) | 31 (79) | 12 (38) | 0.883 |
| Sneezing | 74 (22) | 5 (14) | 18 (15) | 31 (19) | 9 (10) | 11 (18) | 0.380 |
| Anosmia/hyposmia | 43 (13) | 0 (0) | 7 (6) | 13 (10) | 13 (33) | 10 (45) | <0.001 |
| Colour of nasal discharge in case of rhinorrhoea§ | |||||||
| Clear | 61 (20) | 9 (27) | 16 (17) | 26 (22) | 6 (17) | 4 (19) | 0.729 |
| White | 57 (19) | 6 (18) | 22 (23) | 19 (17) | 6 (17) | 4 (19) | 0.856 |
| Yellow | 103 (34) | 10 (29) | 32 (33) | 44 (37) | 12 (34) | 5 (24) | 0.676 |
| Green | 74 (24) | 9 (26) | 25 (26) | 26 (22) | 8 (23) | 6 (28) | 0.977 |
| Mixed with blood | 11 (4) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 5 (4) | 3 (9) | 2 (10) | 0.173 |
| Snoring | 0.003 | ||||||
| Daily/often | 45 (12) | 5 (11) | 14 (11) | 10 (6) | 11 (26) | 5 (22) | |
| Sometimes/rarely | 140 (36) | 20 (45) | 49 (40) | 47 (31) | 14 (33) | 10 (43) | |
| Never/not reported | 199 (52) | 19 (43) | 59 (48) | 96 (63) | 17 (40) | 8 (35) | |
| Periods of snoringƒ | 0.101 | ||||||
| Almost every night | 42 (23) | 5 (20) | 13 (21) | 8 (14) | 10 (40) | 6 (40) | |
| Only during colds | 45 (24) | 9 (36) | 17 (27) | 11 (19) | 6 (24) | 2 (13) | |
| Sometimes also without colds | 82 (44) | 8 (32) | 29 (46) | 34 (60) | 6 (24) | 5 (34) | |
| Not reported | 16 (9) | 3 (12) | 4 (6) | 4 (7) | 3 (12) | 2 (13) | |
| Headache | <0.001 | ||||||
| Daily/often | 48 (12) | 0 (0) | 14 (11) | 20 (13) | 8 (19) | 6 (26) | |
| Sometimes/rarely | 190 (50) | 9 (20) | 53 (43) | 90 (59) | 28 (67) | 10 (43) | |
| Never/not reported | 146 (38) | 35 (80) | 55 (45) | 43 (28) | 6 (14) | 7 (30) | |
| Headache when bending down | 42 (11) | 1 (2) | 6 (5) | 28 (18) | 5 (12) | 2 (9) | 0.002 |
| Migraines | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 26 (7) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | 10 (7) | 6 (14) | 7 (30) | |
| No | 358 (93) | 44 (100) | 119 (97) | 143 (93) | 36 (86) | 16 (70) | |
| SNOT–22 completed | 136 (35) | 14 (32) | 27 (22) | 54 (35) | 27 (64) | 14 (61) | <0.001 |
| SNOT–22 score | 31 (23–45) | 25 (15–36) | 28 (20–45) | 29 (17–38) | 36 (26–51) | 63 (35–79) | <0.001## |
Data are presented as n (%) or median (IQR). Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT–22) questionnaire on chronic rhinosinusitis related items scored 0–5 (“No problem” to “Problem as bad as it can be”), total score range 0–110, mild 0–20, moderate 21–50, severe ≥51. EPIC-PCD: Ear-nose throat Prospective International Cohort of Patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. #: Chi-square test of independence; ¶: among 341 people with chronic nasal symptoms; +: among 341 people with chronic nasal symptoms, categories are not exclusive; §: among 306 people with rhinorrhoea, categories are not exclusive; ƒ: among 185 people with snoring; ##: Kruskal–Wallis test.