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Sleepiness and sleep-disordered breathing in truck drivers

Risk analysis of road accidents

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Abstract

Background

Portugal has one of the highest road traffic fatality rates in Europe. A clear association between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and traffic accidents has been previously demonstrated. This study aimed to determine prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and other sleep disorder symptoms among truck drivers and to identify which individual traits and work habits are associated to increased sleepiness and accident risk.

Methods

We evaluated a sample of 714 truck drivers using a questionnaire (244 face-to-face interviews, 470 self-administered) that included sociodemographic data, personal habits, previous accidents, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Berlin questionnaire (BQ).

Results

Twenty percent of drivers had EDS and 29 % were at high risk for having obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Two hundred sixty-one drivers (36.6 %) reported near-miss accidents (42.5 % sleep related) and 264 (37.0 %), a driving accident (16.3 % sleep related). ESS score ≥11 was a risk factor for both near-miss accidents (odds ratio (OR) = 3.84, p < 0.01) and accidents (OR = 2.25, p < 0.01). Antidepressant use was related to accidents (OR = 3.30, p = 0.03). We found an association between high Mallampati score (III–IV) and near misses (OR = 1.89, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

In this sample of Portuguese truck drivers, we observed a high prevalence of EDS and other sleep disorder symptoms. Accident risk was related to sleepiness and antidepressant use. Identifying drivers at risk for OSAS should be a major priority of medical assessment centers, as a public safety policy.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank all drivers and managers of the transport companies, who generously provided us with the necessary information.

Conflict of interest

None.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sensory Organs–Otorhinolaryngology, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal

    Rosa Catarino, Jorge Spratley, Isabel Catarino & Manuel Pais-Clemente

  2. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Pubic Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal

    Nuno Lunet

  3. Hospital São João–Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal

    Rosa Catarino

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  1. Rosa Catarino
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  2. Jorge Spratley
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  3. Isabel Catarino
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Correspondence to Rosa Catarino.

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Catarino, R., Spratley, J., Catarino, I. et al. Sleepiness and sleep-disordered breathing in truck drivers. Sleep Breath 18, 59–68 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-013-0848-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-013-0848-x

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