Chest
Original Research: Tobacco Cessation and PreventionAcute Impact of Tobacco vs Electronic Cigarette Smoking on Oxidative Stress and Vascular Function
Section snippets
Study Design
We performed a cross-over single-blind study between September 2014 and March 2015 in 40 healthy subjects (20 smokers and 20 nonsmokers, matched for age and sex). All subjects provided written informed consent to participate in the study. The study was approved by the local ethical committee (06-27-2014, protocol number 813/14) and was conducted in accordance with the principles embodied in the Declaration of Helsinki. In the month preceding the study and during the study, none of the
Results
Baseline characteristics were similar in smokers and nonsmokers (Table 1). Smokers, however, seemed to have higher baseline oxidative stress levels with respect to nonsmokers, especially relative to levels of sNOX2-dp, 8-isoPGF2α, and NO bioavailability (all, P < .001) (e-Table 1).
After having smoked either a tobacco cigarette or an e-Cigarette, significant changes in the levels of sNOX2-dp, 8-isoPGF2α, vitamin E, and NO bioavailability (all, P < .001) were detected in both smokers and
Discussion
The present study explored the effect of tobacco cigarettes and e-Cigarettes on oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. We measured all markers that are highly validated and widely used for the assessment of the redox state, NO levels, and antioxidant defense. In smokers and nonsmokers without cardiovascular disease, both tobacco and e-Cigarettes were associated with an increase in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and with a reduction in vitamin E levels. The effects of
Conclusions
To our knowledge, we provide the first comparison data of the acute impact of traditional tobacco cigarette and e-Cigarette smoking on the oxidative stress and on vascular function in smokers and nonsmokers. Our data suggest that both tobacco and e-Cigarette smoking acutely increase oxidative stress and reduce FMD. We strongly encourage future long-term investigations clarifying the chronic cardiovascular effects of e-Cigarettes.
Acknowledgments
Author contributions: R. C. and G. F. had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. R. C., S. S., G. F., and G. B. Z. contributed to the study design, data analysis and interpretation, and the writing of the manuscript; C. N. and M. P. contributed to laboratory analyses; L. L., L. P., and V. V. contributed to the FMD analysis; A. G. M. M., I. C., and E. D. contributed to the recruitment of healthy
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Drs Carnevale and Sciarretta contributed equally to this manuscript.
Drs Frati and Biondi-Zoccai are joint senior authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT: This work was supported in part by a grant from Sapienza University of Rome (project no. C26H148CRP; 2014) to Dr Frati.