Chest
ORIGINAL RESEARCHHEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFEChanges in Respiratory Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life
Section snippets
Study Population and Sample
In 1985, 3,786 randomly selected subjects aged 15 to 70 years in the Norwegian city of Bergen and 11 surrounding municipalities were mailed a questionnaire regarding respiratory symptoms. After up to two reminder letters, 3,370 subjects (89%) responded to the questionnaire.15 A follow-up was conducted in 1996/1997. Then, in addition to being sent a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, the subjects were invited to a clinical examination. Between 1985 and 1996, 189 persons were deceased,
Results
Characteristics of the study sample are presented in Table 1. A larger percentage of men had a university educational level. More women than men were neversmokers, and men tended to have higher smoking loads measured by pack-years (Table 1). The distribution of the changes in respiratory symptoms between genders is shown in Table 2. The distribution varied between genders for the symptoms phlegm cough and dyspnea grade 2. The occurrence of not having a symptom at either time point was higher
Discussion
Among subjects with incidence or persistence of any of the six examined respiratory symptoms, the PCS and MCS were lower than among subjects without symptoms. In general, the PCS was more reduced than the MCS in symptomatic subjects; however, this trend was reduced after adjustment for the confounder's gender, age, educational level, and smoking status. Dyspnea grade 2 had a larger negative impact on the PCS in older subjects, whereas it affected the MCS more in younger subjects.
First, there
Appendix
The wording of the questions on respiratory symptoms was identical at baseline and follow-up except for the questions regarding chronic cough and wheezing:
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Borghild Hovland and the late Ms. Bjørg Meidel made significant contributions to the collecting and punching of the data.
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None of the authors have any conflicts of interest related to the article or the research described.