As the European population ages, surgeons are regularly faced with octogenarians with resectable early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We compared our experience with those reported in the literature to comprehend the feasibility, outcomes and lessons learned regarding surgical treatment. We reviewed octogenarians who underwent lung resection for NSCLC in the past nine years in our Department. The purpose of this paper is to retrospectively analyse postoperative surgical and oncological outcomes of our series, trying to find possible correlations between mortality, morbidity, survival and preoperative oncological and functional assessment, surgical approach and extent of resection. Eighty-two patients (M/F = 63/19), with a mean age 81.0 years (range 80-87 years) underwent lung resection for NSCLC: 63 lobectomies, one inferior bilobectomy, three segmentectomies, and 15 wedge resections. There were two perioperative deaths (2.4%). The overall complication rate was 30.0%, with a major complication rate of 2.5%. Actuarial cancer-related survival rates at one, three and five years were 90%, 44% and 36%, respectively, with a statistically-significant correlation with pathological stage. Octogenarians may benefit from surgical treatment of NSCLC with an acceptable morbidity and mortality rate, if an accurate preoperative selection is pursued.