I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Background There are many forms of rhinitis. Patients are diagnosed with non‐allergic rhinitis
when anatomic, infectious and allergic aetiologies have been excluded. The symptoms, …

Allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis are multifactorial upper airway
diseases with high prevalence. Several genetic and environmental factors are proposed to …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are emerging as a family of effectors and regulators of innate
immunity and tissue remodeling. Interleukin 22 (IL-22)- and IL-17-producing ILCs, which …

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are part of a large family of ILCs that are important
effectors in innate immunity, lymphoid organogenesis, and tissue remodeling. ILC2s mediate …

Background Current phenotyping of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) into chronic rhinosinusitis
with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) …

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) secrete type 2 cytokines, which protect against parasites
but can also contribute to a variety of inflammatory airway diseases. We report here that …

Patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) become critically ill primarily
around the time of activation of the adaptive immune response. Here, we provide evidence …

The role of innate immune cells in allergen immunotherapy that confers immune tolerance to
the sensitizing allergen is unclear. Here, we report a role of interleukin-10-producing type 2 …

SARs (scaffold attachment regions) are candidate DNA elements for partitioning eukaryotic
genomes into independent chromatin loops by attaching DNA to proteins of a nuclear …