Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed
the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 …

Background Obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency, and both are areas of active
public health concern. We explored the causality and direction of the relationship between …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) clusters in families, but the only known common
genetic variants influencing risk are near PNPLA3. We sought to identify additional genetic …

Age at menarche is a marker of timing of puberty in females. It varies widely between
individuals, is a heritable trait and is associated with risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes, …

Concentrations of liver enzymes in plasma are widely used as indicators of liver disease.
We carried out a genome-wide association study in 61,089 individuals, identifying 42 loci …

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A small proportion
of HF cases are attributable to monogenic cardiomyopathies and existing genome-wide …

There is evidence across several species for genetic control of phenotypic variation of
complex traits 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , such that the variance among phenotypes is genotype dependent. …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 genetic variants
contributing to BMI, a measure of body size, or waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHR …

To newly identify loci for age at natural menopause, we carried out a meta-analysis of 22
genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 38,968 women of European descent, with …

Reduced lung function predicts mortality and is key to the diagnosis of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). In a genome-wide association study in 400,102 individuals of …